What is drag reduction agent?

Drag reduction agents (DRAs) are chemical additives used in fluids to reduce the drag or resistance encountered by moving objects in a fluid medium. The application of DRAs in petroleum pipelines has been one of the most significant scientific developments in fluid dynamics over the past few decades. DRAs work by modifying the flow properties of the fluid, reducing the turbulence and shear at the surface of the pipeline, and enhancing the laminar flow characteristics.

DRAs are typically long-chain polymers that can be soluble in water or hydrocarbon-based fluids. They are added in small concentrations, usually around 50 to 100 ppm, to the fluid medium. DRAs have been shown to reduce drag by up to 70%, resulting in reduced pumping requirements, increased flow rates, reduced energy consumption, and decreased wear and tear on pipeline systems.

There are mainly two types of DRAs that are commonly used in the industry: hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Hydrophobic DRAs are used in water-based fluids, while hydrophilic DRAs are used in oil-based fluids. The effectiveness of DRAs varies based on the properties of the fluid, pipeline characteristics, and operating conditions. Research is ongoing to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of DRAs and to develop new types of the agent.